Neutralization Calculator

What is Neutralization?

Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form a salt and water. This process results in the pH of the solution becoming neutral (close to 7). Neutralization reactions are fundamental in chemistry and have various applications in industry, medicine, and everyday life.

Formula

The general formula for a neutralization reaction is:

\[ \text{Acid} + \text{Base} \rightarrow \text{Salt} + \text{Water} \]

For example, the neutralization of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be represented as:

\[ \text{HCl} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]

Where:

• HCl is the acid
• NaOH is the base
• NaCl is the salt formed
• H₂O is water

Calculation Steps

To calculate the amount of product formed in a neutralization reaction, we need to determine the limiting reagent. Here's an example calculation:

Given:

• 25 mL of 0.1 M HCl
• 30 mL of 0.08 M NaOH

1. Calculate moles of HCl: \[ \text{Moles HCl} = 0.1 \text{ M} \times \frac{25 \text{ mL}}{1000 \text{ mL/L}} = 0.0025 \text{ mol} \]
2. Calculate moles of NaOH: \[ \text{Moles NaOH} = 0.08 \text{ M} \times \frac{30 \text{ mL}}{1000 \text{ mL/L}} = 0.0024 \text{ mol} \]
3. Determine the limiting reagent:

   NaOH is the limiting reagent as it has fewer moles.

4. Calculate the amount of NaCl (salt) formed:

   The amount of NaCl formed is equal to the moles of the limiting reagent.

   \[ \text{Moles NaCl} = 0.0024 \text{ mol} \]
5. Calculate the excess HCl: \[ \text{Excess HCl} = 0.0025 \text{ mol} - 0.0024 \text{ mol} = 0.0001 \text{ mol} \]

Example and Visual Representation

Let's visualize the neutralization reaction:

This visual representation shows:

• The reactants: HCl (acid) and NaOH (base)
• The reaction process (arrow)
• The products: NaCl (salt) and H₂O (water)